Ethical Decisions in Business Essay - 2256 Words

Throughout the ages businesses have developed through technological advancements and innovative ideas but there has always been a common struggle that they are faced with, ethical decisions. Everywhere we look there is some level of ethical deterioration (Norman V. Peale, 1988), immoral millions made through inside trading information, a day hardly passes without the head of some major organisation who has been involved in some aspect of an ethical dilemma. This essay will break down why businesses struggle with ethical decisions but before examining such a sensitive issue we must understand what an ethical decision really is. Within the process of decision making, ethics are the personal standards of right and wrong. They become the basis†¦show more content†¦The element of outcome is an influencing factor in how ethical decisions are made, the theorists of fifty years ago such as Levitt(1958) and Friedman(1962) shared the view that the only outcome that is valuable to anal yse is whether the business made a profit or not (Gà ¶ran Svenssona, 2009). This is the approach many businesses still take to an extent today and is a reason for the struggle with ethical decisions and especially now with the arrival of such things as corporate social responsibility and corporate governance which point out the shift in the modern day business world. In order to apply some degree of sustainability into their everyday practises, businesses must work at becoming a good corporate citizen for long-term viability in their particular field so that their negative business reputation does not affect their dealings in the future. The question is does becoming a good corporate citizen conflict with the performance of the business. This is debateable, whichever way you turn there are arguments to be had and instances where profits could be made at the detriment of human ethics. Looking at this idea it becomes clear that making ethical decisions is increasingly difficult as i n some cases businesses must choose what they see as the greater importance and what they value more, profits and a successful business or human ethics. In business, the conflict betweenShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making in Business639 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween the demands of the workplace and those of their families and other personal responsibilities. In a bid to meet targets and other organizational goals and objectives, business executives in addition to traveling extensively also tend to dedicate long hours to office work. Discussion When analyzing situations from an ethical perspective, one is likely to be confronted by a number of questions. For instance, which criteria should one use to differentiate between dehumanizing actions and actionsRead MoreEthical Decision Making In Business1169 Words   |  5 Pageswrong when a conflict arises, but it is our moral responsibility to resolve the dilemmas to the best of our ability. This paper is going to explore the topic of ethical decision-making and establish ground rules for the process and analyze possible ethical implications that may arise. What are the ground rules? Making an ethical decision, at times, can be extremely difficult, as emotions tend to hinder ones judgment. 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It shapes the foundation of a company and gives employees a moral compass as to what is expected of them ethically. Ethical-decision making prevents individuals from profiting from their own personal methods, while representingRead MoreWeek 8 - Making Ethical Decisions in Business2222 Words   |  9 Pagesunconventional. Beginning with its founder, Jack Ma, who gained global celebrity status these past 10 days, as his image became ubiquitous on business news channels and media outlets across America. We got to know Jack Ma before the onslaught, beginning over a year ago in China, where he talked with us about his relationship with the Chinese government, and his unorthodox business philosophy, which surprisingly, gives shareholders almost no say over how he runs the company. 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Ethically, Jill will want to avoid the negative consequences as much as possible to avoid a conflict with William Potter and Henry. Objectively reviewing Henry delegated from William to Jill wil l have huge implications as the review moves forth. In making the decision, Jill will answer the questionRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1201 Words   |  5 PagesClassical and Contemporary Ethical Philosophies Ethical philosophies served as guide for people in the workplace to make moral decisions in conducting business. There are classical normative ethical philosophies as well as contemporary ethical philosophies being used. They have been applied in the different levels or dimensions of the business organizations. People do know that there are business organizations that have disregarded ethical standards and encounters ethical issues inside their companyRead MoreEthics and Profits of an Organization843 Words   |  3 Pagesorganization that is business oriented is in place to realize profits. Most of the corporations in the United States that are in existence were started on the basis of profit making. This means that the main reason why the corporations exist is so that the owners can get returns from their investment. Business ethics involves the application of ethics to business behavior and the decision making process in the business setting. The connection between business ethics and decision making comes aboutRead MoreMaking A Business Decision For Any Ceo Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesMaking a business decision for any CEO is easy, the main principle is to keep the shareholders happy by generating more revenue. The more money a company earns the more attractive it looks to the pote ntial investor. Now, from history, we have learned that every CEO is not created equal and some use bad business practices to earn more revenue. So, laws were created to set guidelines, companies started to use risk assessment to see if a decision would lead to any legal recourse that would make them

The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 - 1702 Words

My mother was a police officer for almost twenty years. Women have long been subject to, and the subject of, discrimination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally did not include gender in the bill’s wording. Were it not for a backhanded comment made in jest by a backward congressman, women would not have been afforded equal rights protection in employment (Freeman, 1991; 2004). President Harry Truman inaugurated the legal Civil Rights Movement. Though people of color had long been yearning and fighting for their rights, President Truman began this legal process nationally in the year 1948 by signing Executive Order 9981 that mandated; It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment†¦show more content†¦The word, â€Å"sex†, was suggested by Chairman of the Rules Committee, Congressman Howard W. Smith as a joke, and was intended to kill the bill. Smith was a white segregationist from the State of Virginia. Tha t he did not use the addition of women to the bill to champion their equality, but rather used the addition of â€Å"sex† to disparage the equal rights movement shows that women were thought of as less deserving of equality than were people of color. Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Emanuel Celler, said that the amendment was unnecessary because he and his wife had gotten along splendidly for 50 years. He said, I usually have the last two words, and those words are Yes, dear (Gold, 2011). Female Representatives became very incensed at the farce the men were creating as to including their gender in the bill. Congresswoman Martha Griffiths stated, â€Å"If anyone doubted that women were second class citizens, the laughter would have proved it.† Southern segregationist representatives began to support the bill, mostly in response to Congressman George Andrews’s assertion that â€Å"Unless this amendment is adopted, the white woman of this country would be dr astically discriminated against in favor of a Negro woman! Women were second-class citizens as a whole, and women of color were mere chattel. The bill incited the longest filibuster in the history of Congress, and a vote had to be taken to end the ranting against the Civil Rights Act. President Lyndon B. Johnson

Political Marketing Political Parties

Question: Discuss about the Political Marketingfor Political Parties. Answer: Introduction Political Marketing (Baines, 2011) has become the integral function of a political process. Heads of states, politicians, political parties, government departments make use of such marketing approaches to attain their political objectives. Market research is applied to get hold of the requirement of the target audience i.e. the voters that they serve or plan to influence and design their policies accordingly. Voter profiling enables the creation of segments and sub- segments to focus while campaigning. Strategy helps the generation of a political brand to grow and build an image which will create a unique brand positioning in the minds of the voters. There are two aspects of the political marketing i.e. External and Internal. While external marketing focuses on the voters, the internal marketing generates the support and involvement of the party workers. Political marketing (Baines, 2011) increases students employability and compatibility for various jobs and opportunities with organizations. It enables students to grow intellectually and understand the way marketing is applied in the political environment. The student also gains an analytical and a wider perspective of the marketing and politics. The features of political marketing (Lilleker, Lees-Marshment, 2009) are similar to the traditional form of marketing. It involves the devising, designing and implementation of programs to attain the goal of increasing the alliance to the party, candidate or a political manifesto within various electoral groups. It is the gross amount of techniques used by political organizations to influence the voters. The market study is similar to that in the commercial field though the characteristics of data vary as it concerns political inclinations of the voters, public impression of the parties and their leaders, voting mindset and peculiar electoral process. Similar to their corporate counterparts the political leaders influence the mindset, feelings, and beliefs of the voters to get their alignment. Source: Aguirre Garcia M.S. :Marketing en sectores especificos Ediciones Piramide, Madrid. 2000, p.237 Even though we might like to believe that the electorate votes basis the political manifesto (O'Shaughnessy, Henneberg, 2002) that each candidate puts forward to the public at the time of elections but on the contrary, our actions of voting for a particular candidate is influenced by the marketing campaigns of the political parties. The various strategies used these days by the parties to form the opinion of the voters include talk shows and presentations, Public Relations, door to door campaigning, mailers, leaflets, billboards and extensive use of radio, print and communication. The first step in starting a political marketing campaign (Budge, Robertson, Hearl, 2008) is developing a narrative which is basically like a resume of the leader explaining his background, family, culture, personality, beliefs and other traits to help the voters understand whom they are voting. If we go back to the US Presidential election of 2008 the two candidates, namely Barrack Obama and John McCain had contrasting narratives. While Obama claimed to be a political outsider who promised a new and fresh approach in bringing a real change in the country whereas on the other hand, McCain banked on his background as a war veteran who had made sacrifices for his country. These narratives were the basis of the further marketing campaigns of both parties. It should be believable (CAMPBELL, 2005) and the voters should be able to relate to the same and is an extremely import aspect to start a political campaign. It is like creating a branding strategy and very similar to a company or a p roduct branding strategy. In this, the leader or the political party (Wattenberg, 2004) becomes a brand. A very familiar example in the current times is that of Indian Prime Minister Narender Modi (Jaffrelot, 2015) who has become a brand in himself for Bhartiya Janata Party. Even during the state elections, his name is being promoted to fight the party elections. In the current environment, the strategies(Smith, 2005) employed these days by political parties is social media marketing i.e. use of Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp to reach the masses. With the popularity and advent of digital marketing, a variety of online tools are used to promote the candidates, increase the awareness of issues, asking for votes and seeing opinion on the manifesto of the parties. One of the techniques used by parties to reach the voter base is by creating a Facebook page which allows them to reach a large number of voters by inviting them for events, status updates, messages and communicating the views of the party leaders. Digital media can also be segmented (Scholvin, 2016) to spread different messages to a different set of voters by geography, caste, color or religion. This technique was employed by Donald Trump in the recent Presidential Elections and was seen as the reason for his success. His marketing team had thoroughly researched the needs of voters by geo graphy, blacks vs. whites, American vs. non-Americans and used messages to address each of these segments. Hillary Clinton on the other hand completely failed to use this strategy and even though the media thought that she would win but she failed miserably at the ground level to reach the masses with segmented messages. Though the Facebook Page allows you access to a large no of voters aligned to the party or a candidate, it does not allow you to expand your reach to others which are effectively done through the use of viral memes and videos of speeches shared through the digital mediums. The political parties create funny videos, jokes, caricatures of their own and opposition leaders to increase awareness of issues and attract the attention of the voters. These were used very effectively by Trump and even by Modi (Jaffrelot, 2015) in their election campaigns. Another important strategy in political marketing (Lees-Marshment, 2015) is negative campaigning. Winning the elections is all about getting more votes against your opponent which is achieved by either taking positive about oneself or negative about your opponent. It is fairly common to see mudslinging being done by parties on either the beliefs or even the character of the leaders contesting the election. The usual negative campaign is Ads of parties or during rallies, the leaders talking about opponents wrong policies, nefarious past and failures. While this may seem unethical to do but on the other hand if the facts are correct it exposes the real picture of the opponents and their parties which the voters may not be otherwise aware. It becomes an important reason for the change in the mindset as the voting draws near and can completely sway the opinion. In the presidential elections, Hillary Clinton spoke of Trumps disrespect for women and his adverse remarks against them in vari ous forums which were quickly picked up by the media and tabloids and became a topic of discussion. Negative campaign is launched through Ads on TV and print mediums, political debates and extensive use of social media. However, the negative campaign cannot succeed in isolation unless it is supported by positive campaigns of the partys beliefs and history. Even though the younger generation responds better to social media and television (Lange, Ward, 2004) but still a large population can be reached through the old marketing strategies of direct mail. The Direct Mail involves extensive use of leaflets and brochures which can be hand-delivered to voters through newspapers inserts or distributed in malls, parks, and other hangout locations or even use of direct mailers. Leaflets are used as a micro marketing tool to reach a certain section of the population within a town or city. The leaflets, signboards, hoarding, cutouts and yard signs are the tools which are used in a particular area to influence the voters. On the other hand, the media platforms like TV, Print, and Radio attract mass voters and are used by political marketers. It is common to see various channels inviting debates from public or calling upon leaders for a face off in open forums to talk about their manifesto and try and impress the voters or viewers. These tools can be used to earn a mass publicity for the leader or the political party. Political marketing helped Donald Trump (Lees-Marshment, Conley, Cosgrove, 2014) win the 2016 elections. He devised an Offer Package of increase employability and public safety to American citizens. This message was effectively created and delivered to all segments of American voters, who were made to realize the necessity of the above two missing in their lives due to the failures of the successive previous governments. The slogan was loud and clear Make America Great Again. So the strategic tool applied here was to create a need and promise to fulfill the same through change. On the other hand his competitors mainly Hillary Clinton could not create such need. He positioned himself as a successful brand and capitalized on his success as a businessman and communicated a direct and consistent appeal to the voters to believe in his ability to reposition America as a successful country. Trump used negative campaigns and showed his competitors in poor light and their inability to create a satisfactory solution for the economic and societal problems of America, and at the same time, he juxtaposed himself as the sole alternative who could bring the much-needed change for the Americans. References Baines, P. (2011).Political marketing(1st ed.). London: SAGE. Budge, I., Robertson, D., Hearl, D. (2008).Ideology, strategy and party change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CAMPBELL, J. (2005). The fundamentals in US presidential elections: Public opinion, the economy and incumbency in the 2004 presidential election.Journal Of Elections, Public Opinion Parties,15(1), 73-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13689880500064619 Jaffrelot, C. (2015). The Modi-centric BJP 2014 election campaign: new techniques and old tactics.Contemporary South Asia,23(2), 151-166. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2015.1027662 Lange, B., Ward, D. (2004).The media and elections. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lees-Marshment, J. (2015).Political marketing game. [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan. Lees-Marshment, J., Conley, B., Cosgrove, K. (2014).Political Marketing in the United States. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Lilleker, D., Lees-Marshment, J. (2009).Political marketing. Manchester: Manchester University Press. O'Shaughnessy, N., Henneberg, S. (2002).The idea of political marketing. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Scholvin, S. (2016). Geographical conditions and political outcomes.Comparative Strategy,35(4), 274-283. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2016.1222840 Smith, G. (2005). Positioning Political Parties: The 2005 UK General Election.Journal Of Marketing Management,21(9-10), 1135-1149. https://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725705775194184 Wattenberg, M. (2004). Elections: Personal Popularity in U.S. Presidential Elections.Presidential Studies Quarterly,34(1), 143-155. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00040.x

Diabetes And Physical Activity Essay Example For Students

Diabetes And Physical Activity Essay Health implications of diabetes type I Physical Activity What is physical activity? Why do we need physical activity in our lives? Physical Activity and Diabetes (Epidemiology) For our seminar topic physical activity and disease we chose diabetes as the focus of our research. Since diabetes is such a complex disease with many different forms, we decided to focus on diabetes type I. This is known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This type of diabetes includes people who are dependant on injections of insulin on a daily basis in order to satisfy the bodies insulin needs, they cannot survive without these injections. OVERVIEW OF DIABETES TYPE I What is diabetes type I? In order to understand the disease we firstly need to know about insulin. OVERVIEW OF DIABETES TYPE I What is diabetes type I? In order to understand the disease we firstly need to know about insulin. Insulin is a hormone. The role of insulin is to convert the food we eat into various useful substances, discarding everything that is wasteful. It is the job of insulin to see that the useful substances are put to best use for our well-being. The useful substances are used for building cells, are made ready for immediate expenditure as energy and also stored for later energy expenditure. The cause of diabetes is an absolute or lack of the hormone insulin. As a result of this lack of insulin the processes that involve converting the foods we eat into various useful substances does not occur. Insulin comes from the beta cells which are located in the pancreas. In the case of diabetes type I almost all of the beta cells have been destroyed. Therefore daily injections of insulin become essential to life. Health implications of diabetes type I One of the products that is of vital importance in our bodies is glucose, a simple carbohydrate sugar which is needed by virtually every part of our body as fuel to function. Insulin controls the amount of glucose distributed to vital organs and also the muscles. In diabetics due to the lack of insulin and therefore the control of glucose given to different body parts they face death if they dont inject themselves with insulin daily. Since strict monitoring of diabetes is needed for the control of the disease, little room is left for carelessness. As a result diabetic patients are susceptible to many other diseases and serious conditions if a proper course of treatment is not followed. Other diseases a diabetic is open to: Cardiovascular disease, stroke, Peripheral artery disease, gangrene, kidney disease, blindness, hypertension, nerve damage, impotence etc. Basically there is an increased incident of infection in diabetic sufferers. Therefore special care needs to be taken to decrease the chances of getting these other serious diseases. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY What is physical activity? (Bouchard 1988) States that physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure. Therefore this includes sports and leisure activities of all forms. Why do we need physical activity in our lives? Physical activity and exercise helps tune the human machine, our bodies. Imagine a car constantly driven only to stop for fuel. It would be a client for all sorts of damage, rusting, oil leaking, dehydration and the chances are most likely it would die in the middle of the road not long after. This is what the body would be like if we didnt exercise at all. We would be and as a result of todays lifestyle many of us are, the perfect target to all kinds of diseases and infections. For those of us who are carrier of some disease or illness we are still encouraged to exercise by our physicians if we have the strength to. This is to help make our organs, muscles, bones and arteries more efficient and better equipped to fight against the disease or illness. This is our way of counter attacking. And if we are still healthy then we reduce the chances of getting an illness or a disease. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIABETES (EPIDEMIOLOGY) .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c , .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .postImageUrl , .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c , .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c:hover , .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c:visited , .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c:active { border:0!important; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c:active , .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u66da2e3ab06a23831f4a85bc07dcb39c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alternative Medicine EssayRecently insulin injections have become available to dependant patients. However in the pre-insulin era physical exercise was one of the few therapies available to physicians in combating diabetes. For an IDDM carrier to benefit from exercise they need to be well aware of their body and the consequences of exercising. If an IDDM carrier has no real control over their situation and just exercise without considering their diet, time of insulin intake, type of exercise, duration of the exercise and the intensity, then the results can be very hazardous to the patient. In the first journal article that I used for this part of .