marco polo Essay -- essays research papers fc

Marco Polo   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marco Polo was born in c.1254 in Venice. He was a Venetian explorer and merchant whose account of his travels in Asia was the primary source for the European image of the Far East until the late 19th century. Marco’s father, Niccolo, and his uncle Maffeo had traveled to China in 1260 - 1269 as merchants. Despite Marco’s enduring fame very little was known about the personal life of Marco Polo. It is known that he was born into a leading Venetian family of merchants. He also lived during a propitious time in world history, when the height of Venice’s as a city-state coincided with the greatest extent of Mongol conquest of Asia. (http://darter.ocps.k12.fl.us/classroom/who/darter1/polo.htm )   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ruled by Kublai Khan, the Mongol hordes also threatened other parts of Europe, particularly Poland and Hungary, inspiring fears everywhere by their bloodthirsty advances. Yet the ruthless methods brought a measure of stability to the lands they controlled, opening up trade routes such as the famous Silk Road. Eventually, the Mongols discovered that it was more profitable to collect tribute from people that to kill them outright. Knowing this a number of European traders ventured, including the family of Marco Polo. (Marco Polo and the Medieval Explorers)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1269, Niccolo and Maffeo Polo arrived back in Venice, where Niccolo found out his wife had died while he was gone. Their son Marco was only about fifteen years old. Marco was raised primarily by his mother and the streets of Venice. These experiences had a big influence on young Marco.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1268, Pope Clement IV died, and there was about a three-year delay while another pope was being elected. This gave Marco time to mature and absorb the tales of his father and uncle. Marco was seventeen years old when he, his father and uncle set out for the court of Kublai Khan. They were also accompanied by two Dominican friars, and the good friars turned back at the first sign of adversity, another local war in Levant. Marco was the only new person in the Polo’s party, but he was a representative of the spirit of European civilization on the eve of the Renaissance. (The Travels of Marco Polo)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the way to Khan’s court, Marco had the opportunity to complete his education. T... ...cognize them, then they were astounded, and then were disgusted by their shabby appearance. The disgust changed to delight when the Polo’s invited everyone to a homecoming banquet, ripped apart their old clothes, and let all the hidden jewels clatter to the table.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marco was not yet ready to settle down. He became involved in naval warfare between Venetians and their trading rivals the Genoese. In 1298 Marco was captured and put in prison in Genoa. In prison Marco met a man named Rustichello from Persia, who was a writer. To pass the time Marco dictated his observations about Asia to Rustichello. After his prison experience, which lasted about a year, Marco was content to lead a quiet life in Venice with the rest of his family. He married Donata Badoer, a member of the Venetian aristocracy. Marco died in 1324 at the age of seventy. He left most of his wealth to his three daughters.. (http://darter.ocps.k12.fl.us/classroom/who/darter1/polo.htm ) Bibliography 1. http://darter.ocps.k12.fl.us/classroom/who/darter1/polo.htm 2. The Travels of Marco Polo, Mary Hull 3. Marco Polo in China, Li Man Kin 4. Marco Polo and the Medieval Explorers, Rebecca Stefoff

Symbols in Ethan Frome

Sex, lies and deceit. These three things are what this novel is about. But it is so much more than that. In the book Ethan Frome, written by Edith Wharton, the author uses symbolism to represent many things such as death. Symbols such as Zeena’s red pickle dish, the cold season of winter, and the dead cucumber vine all represent important parts that make up this novel. Zeena’s red pickle dish is a dish Zeena treasures most. She received the pickle dish as a wedding present and only uses the dish on special occasions. Mattie uses the pickle dish the night her and Ethan are alone, while Zeena is out of town. The cat accidently breaks the dish during the dinner. â€Å"†¦And gathering up the bits of broken glass she went out of the room as if she carried a dead body† (Wharton 66). At this point, Zeena was really mad when she found out herself that the dish was broken and no one told her. This gave her another reason to hate Ethan and Mattie even more. The dish breaking symbolizes the marriage between Ethan and Zeena was now broken. Ethan Frome takes place in Starkfield, Massachusetts during the cold winter months. Winter controls over the tragedy in all its signs of snow, wind, cold and darkness. Winter is the worst season for Ethan. In the beginning, Harmon Gow had said, â€Å"Guess he’s been in Starkfield too many winters. Most of the smart ones get away† (Wharton 2). Ethan studied science and technology after high school, but after his father died and his mother became sick, he was forced to come back to his hometown of Starkfield. Responsibility for his mother and poverty has prevented him from leaving. Sadly, Ethan’s mother died in the winter. After his mother’s death, Ethan married Zeena because he was so lonely all the time. Winter is symbolizes isolation and loneliness. Last but not least, the dead cucumber vine. â€Å"A dead cucumber vine dangled from the porch like the crape streamer tied to the door for a death, and the thought flashed through Ethan’s brain: â€Å"If it was there for Zeena-† (Wharton 26). Ethan wished Zeena was dead. If Zeena was not alive, Ethan could be with Mattie and they both would be happy together. They wouldn’t have to hide their love for each other. The dead cucumber vine symbolizes death and also symbolizes dying souls that live in the Frome’s house. In this case is Zeena, who is the slowly dying soul living in the house because of her illness. Zeena’s red pickle dish, winter, and the dead cucumber vine are all important symbols in this novel. Understanding these symbols make this novel more interesting now that one knows what some objects symbolizes. Such as Zeena’s pickle dish, the broken dish is a symbol for the shattering of Ethan and Zeena’s marriage. The winter represents loneliness. The dead cucumber represents death. These three things best represent the story of Ethan Frome.

The Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) - 964 Words

Forecasting is an important tool to help healthcare managers prepare for the challenges associated with rising health care costs. As the healthcare landscape continues to change, managers look at the past and present to predict the future. The U.S. government is major provider of health insurance for the elderly and disable persons. The government’s portion for covering healthcare costs has risen steadily, from 43% in 1980 and 38% in 1970 (Miller Washington, 2006 p. 40). Medicare is the single largest source of payment for beneficiary health care costs; it covers about half of the cost of health care (Healthcare Financing Administration, 2006). The Affordable Care Act (ACA), which also provides medical coverage to low income persons, must also be factored into the cause and effect analysis. As a result of the changing landscape of health insurance, healthcare managers rely of analytical forecasting to predict future healthcare costs, examine cause and effect relationships an d prepare their organization to provide quality affordable care to their patients. Forecasting is an attempt to predict the future with as little error as possible. There are three levels of reasoning that must be considered (1) Data and information about the past; (2) Known relationships among the variables; (3) Forecasting should be approached systematically and thoughtfully (Lewis, McGrath Seidel, 2011, p. 83). Epidemiology produces rates that can be incorporated into various types ofShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )956 Words   |  4 PagesAbsract++++++++++++++++++++++++++= The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (also known as â€Å"Obamacare†) is an historic piece of legislation that has had massive effect on healthcare in the United States. Its systemic effects on healthcare in this country are numberous, from insurance to ambulatory care, from healthcare related taxes to healthcare resources, and beyond. That said, the following research paper attempts to summarize how this massive piece of legislation has effected healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )784 Words   |  4 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been a primary debate topic since it was enacted in 2010. The conservatives completely disagree with the Affordable Care Act and believe that â€Å"Democrats used it as an assertion of power than they used it to improve health care conditions† (â€Å"Republican Views on Health Care†, 2014). They believe that the act was a waste of taxpayer’s dollars and would inevitably ruin our health care syste m. In contrast, the liberals supported the ACA and â€Å"pride themselves on the factRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1668 Words   |  7 PagesOn March 23,2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into law. This act aims to provide affordable health care coverage for all United States citizens. â€Å"The Affordable Care Act affirms the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care.† (President Obama) It will provide insurance to more than thirty million people who have been previously uninsured, and will be achieved by expanding Medicaid and extending federal subsidiesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as ObamaCare, is a United States law that was signed by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012. This Act was set to reform both healthcare and health insuranc e industries in the United States. It aims to lower cost on coverage, add new benefits, and a few new taxes. Increasing the quality, availability, and affordability of private and public health insurance are very important roles of the ACA. While tryingRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1349 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into act to help reform healthcare in the United States. Before and after the act was effective, many people were concerned with how it would affect our country as a whole and on an individual basis. Many people say that the ACA is helping our country and others are not so sure. The goal of the act is to give millions of uninsured Americans access to quality health care and by also making it more affordable. Although thereRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a health reform law that was signed by President Barrack Obama on March 23, 2010. The full name of the law is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). One week later the President also signed a law called the Health Care Education and Reconciliation Act (HCERA), which was a supplement that made several changes the PPACA. What the country currently refers to as the ACA or Obamacare is both of these laws combined. (McDonough, 2012) Many AmericansRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act (ACA)1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) will cause a large influx of patients into the health care system. For a variety of reasons, this will change how the front-line health care personnel provide care. Nurses will expand his or her scope and territory of care. Front line providers will change to include more advanced practice nurses because of the national shortage of primary care providers (Department Of Health And Human Services, 2014). No longer will they just practice in brick and mortar hospitalsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesSince the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or ‘Obamacare’ in 2010 and its implementation in 2014,there has been a steady decline in the uninsured population of the United States of America. The number of Americans with health insurance, has reached a historic peak. According to recent data from the Census Bureau about he alth insurance coverage, the number of uninsured Americans fell from 33 million the year prior to ACA implementation to 29 million in 2014.The total uninsured rate droppedRead MoreAffordable Care Act ( Aca )1576 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA), often known as Obamacare, was signed by President Obama in 2010. The goal of the Act is to increase the number of individuals with health insurance to the point where all Americans are insured by providing quality healthcare at an affordable price. Despite its good intent, the ACA is not as perfect as it may appear. In this paper, I will list the main features of the Act, its pros and cons, and how it affects you as an individual and discuss the King vs. Burwell lawsuitRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )890 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 23, 2010, the Affordable Care Act which is an Obamacare, is the United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) experienced many challenges, debates, and objections until the Supreme Court rendered a final decision on individual mandate healthcare insurance to uphold the health care law on June 28, 2012. The mandate healthcare insurance for workers by employers’ obligation through a regulated marketplace of health maintenance organizations

Ethical Decisions in Business Essay - 2256 Words

Throughout the ages businesses have developed through technological advancements and innovative ideas but there has always been a common struggle that they are faced with, ethical decisions. Everywhere we look there is some level of ethical deterioration (Norman V. Peale, 1988), immoral millions made through inside trading information, a day hardly passes without the head of some major organisation who has been involved in some aspect of an ethical dilemma. This essay will break down why businesses struggle with ethical decisions but before examining such a sensitive issue we must understand what an ethical decision really is. Within the process of decision making, ethics are the personal standards of right and wrong. They become the basis†¦show more content†¦The element of outcome is an influencing factor in how ethical decisions are made, the theorists of fifty years ago such as Levitt(1958) and Friedman(1962) shared the view that the only outcome that is valuable to anal yse is whether the business made a profit or not (Gà ¶ran Svenssona, 2009). This is the approach many businesses still take to an extent today and is a reason for the struggle with ethical decisions and especially now with the arrival of such things as corporate social responsibility and corporate governance which point out the shift in the modern day business world. In order to apply some degree of sustainability into their everyday practises, businesses must work at becoming a good corporate citizen for long-term viability in their particular field so that their negative business reputation does not affect their dealings in the future. The question is does becoming a good corporate citizen conflict with the performance of the business. This is debateable, whichever way you turn there are arguments to be had and instances where profits could be made at the detriment of human ethics. Looking at this idea it becomes clear that making ethical decisions is increasingly difficult as i n some cases businesses must choose what they see as the greater importance and what they value more, profits and a successful business or human ethics. In business, the conflict betweenShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making in Business639 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween the demands of the workplace and those of their families and other personal responsibilities. In a bid to meet targets and other organizational goals and objectives, business executives in addition to traveling extensively also tend to dedicate long hours to office work. Discussion When analyzing situations from an ethical perspective, one is likely to be confronted by a number of questions. For instance, which criteria should one use to differentiate between dehumanizing actions and actionsRead MoreEthical Decision Making In Business1169 Words   |  5 Pageswrong when a conflict arises, but it is our moral responsibility to resolve the dilemmas to the best of our ability. This paper is going to explore the topic of ethical decision-making and establish ground rules for the process and analyze possible ethical implications that may arise. What are the ground rules? Making an ethical decision, at times, can be extremely difficult, as emotions tend to hinder ones judgment. For example, if a husband came upon his wife being beat to death, his first impulseRead More Ethical and Moral Decisions in Business Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesEthical and Moral Decisions in Business Ethics alone tend to be defined as a moral code of conduct that is perceived to be the right thing to do. An ethical decision means doing what is right, as apposed to assessing the most profitable course of action. In the past, free market ideology was that corporations were kept responsible to customers, shareholders, workers and society by customer and investor behavior, seen in share price. Millions of individual â€Å"voters†Read MoreEthical Decision Making : Business Ethics And Social Responsibility1295 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Decision-Making De’Ambre Zanders OMM640: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility (MOH1616A) Instructor: Dr. Maja Zelihic May 1, 2016 Abstract In any type of business, ethical decision-making is usually at the forefront of company operations. It shapes the foundation of a company and gives employees a moral compass as to what is expected of them ethically. Ethical-decision making prevents individuals from profiting from their own personal methods, while representingRead MoreWeek 8 - Making Ethical Decisions in Business2222 Words   |  9 Pagesunconventional. Beginning with its founder, Jack Ma, who gained global celebrity status these past 10 days, as his image became ubiquitous on business news channels and media outlets across America. We got to know Jack Ma before the onslaught, beginning over a year ago in China, where he talked with us about his relationship with the Chinese government, and his unorthodox business philosophy, which surprisingly, gives shareholders almost no say over how he runs the company. Jack Ma: If you want to invest inRead MoreEssay on Chapter 6 Business Ethics and Ethical Decision Making1278 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantages and disadvantages of each decision that Elaine has made. a. 1st decision Graphic, Inc. loan of $10 million. Graphco was a tobacco firm embroiled in litigation concerning the promotion of its products to children. Elaine based her decision by Moral Philosophies which refers to the specific principals or rules that people use to decide what is right or wrong (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, Ninth Edition Business Ethics, p 153). The advantage to this decision is she did what she felt was morallyRead MoreBusiness Ethics, The `` Gray `` : Ethical Theories That Will Make The Decision Easier For Her Dilemma1103 Words   |  5 PagesIn business ethics, the â€Å"gray† areas are the toughest aspects that don’t have a clear right or wrong answer, but the reaction of the other party can have a potential negative impact on the business itself. Ethically, Jill will want to avoid the negative consequences as much as possible to avoid a conflict with William Potter and Henry. Objectively reviewing Henry delegated from William to Jill wil l have huge implications as the review moves forth. In making the decision, Jill will answer the questionRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1201 Words   |  5 PagesClassical and Contemporary Ethical Philosophies Ethical philosophies served as guide for people in the workplace to make moral decisions in conducting business. There are classical normative ethical philosophies as well as contemporary ethical philosophies being used. They have been applied in the different levels or dimensions of the business organizations. People do know that there are business organizations that have disregarded ethical standards and encounters ethical issues inside their companyRead MoreEthics and Profits of an Organization843 Words   |  3 Pagesorganization that is business oriented is in place to realize profits. Most of the corporations in the United States that are in existence were started on the basis of profit making. This means that the main reason why the corporations exist is so that the owners can get returns from their investment. Business ethics involves the application of ethics to business behavior and the decision making process in the business setting. The connection between business ethics and decision making comes aboutRead MoreMaking A Business Decision For Any Ceo Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesMaking a business decision for any CEO is easy, the main principle is to keep the shareholders happy by generating more revenue. The more money a company earns the more attractive it looks to the pote ntial investor. Now, from history, we have learned that every CEO is not created equal and some use bad business practices to earn more revenue. So, laws were created to set guidelines, companies started to use risk assessment to see if a decision would lead to any legal recourse that would make them

The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 - 1702 Words

My mother was a police officer for almost twenty years. Women have long been subject to, and the subject of, discrimination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally did not include gender in the bill’s wording. Were it not for a backhanded comment made in jest by a backward congressman, women would not have been afforded equal rights protection in employment (Freeman, 1991; 2004). President Harry Truman inaugurated the legal Civil Rights Movement. Though people of color had long been yearning and fighting for their rights, President Truman began this legal process nationally in the year 1948 by signing Executive Order 9981 that mandated; It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment†¦show more content†¦The word, â€Å"sex†, was suggested by Chairman of the Rules Committee, Congressman Howard W. Smith as a joke, and was intended to kill the bill. Smith was a white segregationist from the State of Virginia. Tha t he did not use the addition of women to the bill to champion their equality, but rather used the addition of â€Å"sex† to disparage the equal rights movement shows that women were thought of as less deserving of equality than were people of color. Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Emanuel Celler, said that the amendment was unnecessary because he and his wife had gotten along splendidly for 50 years. He said, I usually have the last two words, and those words are Yes, dear (Gold, 2011). Female Representatives became very incensed at the farce the men were creating as to including their gender in the bill. Congresswoman Martha Griffiths stated, â€Å"If anyone doubted that women were second class citizens, the laughter would have proved it.† Southern segregationist representatives began to support the bill, mostly in response to Congressman George Andrews’s assertion that â€Å"Unless this amendment is adopted, the white woman of this country would be dr astically discriminated against in favor of a Negro woman! Women were second-class citizens as a whole, and women of color were mere chattel. The bill incited the longest filibuster in the history of Congress, and a vote had to be taken to end the ranting against the Civil Rights Act. President Lyndon B. Johnson

Political Marketing Political Parties

Question: Discuss about the Political Marketingfor Political Parties. Answer: Introduction Political Marketing (Baines, 2011) has become the integral function of a political process. Heads of states, politicians, political parties, government departments make use of such marketing approaches to attain their political objectives. Market research is applied to get hold of the requirement of the target audience i.e. the voters that they serve or plan to influence and design their policies accordingly. Voter profiling enables the creation of segments and sub- segments to focus while campaigning. Strategy helps the generation of a political brand to grow and build an image which will create a unique brand positioning in the minds of the voters. There are two aspects of the political marketing i.e. External and Internal. While external marketing focuses on the voters, the internal marketing generates the support and involvement of the party workers. Political marketing (Baines, 2011) increases students employability and compatibility for various jobs and opportunities with organizations. It enables students to grow intellectually and understand the way marketing is applied in the political environment. The student also gains an analytical and a wider perspective of the marketing and politics. The features of political marketing (Lilleker, Lees-Marshment, 2009) are similar to the traditional form of marketing. It involves the devising, designing and implementation of programs to attain the goal of increasing the alliance to the party, candidate or a political manifesto within various electoral groups. It is the gross amount of techniques used by political organizations to influence the voters. The market study is similar to that in the commercial field though the characteristics of data vary as it concerns political inclinations of the voters, public impression of the parties and their leaders, voting mindset and peculiar electoral process. Similar to their corporate counterparts the political leaders influence the mindset, feelings, and beliefs of the voters to get their alignment. Source: Aguirre Garcia M.S. :Marketing en sectores especificos Ediciones Piramide, Madrid. 2000, p.237 Even though we might like to believe that the electorate votes basis the political manifesto (O'Shaughnessy, Henneberg, 2002) that each candidate puts forward to the public at the time of elections but on the contrary, our actions of voting for a particular candidate is influenced by the marketing campaigns of the political parties. The various strategies used these days by the parties to form the opinion of the voters include talk shows and presentations, Public Relations, door to door campaigning, mailers, leaflets, billboards and extensive use of radio, print and communication. The first step in starting a political marketing campaign (Budge, Robertson, Hearl, 2008) is developing a narrative which is basically like a resume of the leader explaining his background, family, culture, personality, beliefs and other traits to help the voters understand whom they are voting. If we go back to the US Presidential election of 2008 the two candidates, namely Barrack Obama and John McCain had contrasting narratives. While Obama claimed to be a political outsider who promised a new and fresh approach in bringing a real change in the country whereas on the other hand, McCain banked on his background as a war veteran who had made sacrifices for his country. These narratives were the basis of the further marketing campaigns of both parties. It should be believable (CAMPBELL, 2005) and the voters should be able to relate to the same and is an extremely import aspect to start a political campaign. It is like creating a branding strategy and very similar to a company or a p roduct branding strategy. In this, the leader or the political party (Wattenberg, 2004) becomes a brand. A very familiar example in the current times is that of Indian Prime Minister Narender Modi (Jaffrelot, 2015) who has become a brand in himself for Bhartiya Janata Party. Even during the state elections, his name is being promoted to fight the party elections. In the current environment, the strategies(Smith, 2005) employed these days by political parties is social media marketing i.e. use of Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp to reach the masses. With the popularity and advent of digital marketing, a variety of online tools are used to promote the candidates, increase the awareness of issues, asking for votes and seeing opinion on the manifesto of the parties. One of the techniques used by parties to reach the voter base is by creating a Facebook page which allows them to reach a large number of voters by inviting them for events, status updates, messages and communicating the views of the party leaders. Digital media can also be segmented (Scholvin, 2016) to spread different messages to a different set of voters by geography, caste, color or religion. This technique was employed by Donald Trump in the recent Presidential Elections and was seen as the reason for his success. His marketing team had thoroughly researched the needs of voters by geo graphy, blacks vs. whites, American vs. non-Americans and used messages to address each of these segments. Hillary Clinton on the other hand completely failed to use this strategy and even though the media thought that she would win but she failed miserably at the ground level to reach the masses with segmented messages. Though the Facebook Page allows you access to a large no of voters aligned to the party or a candidate, it does not allow you to expand your reach to others which are effectively done through the use of viral memes and videos of speeches shared through the digital mediums. The political parties create funny videos, jokes, caricatures of their own and opposition leaders to increase awareness of issues and attract the attention of the voters. These were used very effectively by Trump and even by Modi (Jaffrelot, 2015) in their election campaigns. Another important strategy in political marketing (Lees-Marshment, 2015) is negative campaigning. Winning the elections is all about getting more votes against your opponent which is achieved by either taking positive about oneself or negative about your opponent. It is fairly common to see mudslinging being done by parties on either the beliefs or even the character of the leaders contesting the election. The usual negative campaign is Ads of parties or during rallies, the leaders talking about opponents wrong policies, nefarious past and failures. While this may seem unethical to do but on the other hand if the facts are correct it exposes the real picture of the opponents and their parties which the voters may not be otherwise aware. It becomes an important reason for the change in the mindset as the voting draws near and can completely sway the opinion. In the presidential elections, Hillary Clinton spoke of Trumps disrespect for women and his adverse remarks against them in vari ous forums which were quickly picked up by the media and tabloids and became a topic of discussion. Negative campaign is launched through Ads on TV and print mediums, political debates and extensive use of social media. However, the negative campaign cannot succeed in isolation unless it is supported by positive campaigns of the partys beliefs and history. Even though the younger generation responds better to social media and television (Lange, Ward, 2004) but still a large population can be reached through the old marketing strategies of direct mail. The Direct Mail involves extensive use of leaflets and brochures which can be hand-delivered to voters through newspapers inserts or distributed in malls, parks, and other hangout locations or even use of direct mailers. Leaflets are used as a micro marketing tool to reach a certain section of the population within a town or city. The leaflets, signboards, hoarding, cutouts and yard signs are the tools which are used in a particular area to influence the voters. On the other hand, the media platforms like TV, Print, and Radio attract mass voters and are used by political marketers. It is common to see various channels inviting debates from public or calling upon leaders for a face off in open forums to talk about their manifesto and try and impress the voters or viewers. These tools can be used to earn a mass publicity for the leader or the political party. Political marketing helped Donald Trump (Lees-Marshment, Conley, Cosgrove, 2014) win the 2016 elections. He devised an Offer Package of increase employability and public safety to American citizens. This message was effectively created and delivered to all segments of American voters, who were made to realize the necessity of the above two missing in their lives due to the failures of the successive previous governments. The slogan was loud and clear Make America Great Again. So the strategic tool applied here was to create a need and promise to fulfill the same through change. On the other hand his competitors mainly Hillary Clinton could not create such need. He positioned himself as a successful brand and capitalized on his success as a businessman and communicated a direct and consistent appeal to the voters to believe in his ability to reposition America as a successful country. Trump used negative campaigns and showed his competitors in poor light and their inability to create a satisfactory solution for the economic and societal problems of America, and at the same time, he juxtaposed himself as the sole alternative who could bring the much-needed change for the Americans. References Baines, P. (2011).Political marketing(1st ed.). London: SAGE. Budge, I., Robertson, D., Hearl, D. (2008).Ideology, strategy and party change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CAMPBELL, J. (2005). The fundamentals in US presidential elections: Public opinion, the economy and incumbency in the 2004 presidential election.Journal Of Elections, Public Opinion Parties,15(1), 73-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13689880500064619 Jaffrelot, C. (2015). The Modi-centric BJP 2014 election campaign: new techniques and old tactics.Contemporary South Asia,23(2), 151-166. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2015.1027662 Lange, B., Ward, D. (2004).The media and elections. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lees-Marshment, J. (2015).Political marketing game. [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan. Lees-Marshment, J., Conley, B., Cosgrove, K. (2014).Political Marketing in the United States. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Lilleker, D., Lees-Marshment, J. (2009).Political marketing. Manchester: Manchester University Press. O'Shaughnessy, N., Henneberg, S. (2002).The idea of political marketing. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Scholvin, S. (2016). Geographical conditions and political outcomes.Comparative Strategy,35(4), 274-283. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2016.1222840 Smith, G. (2005). Positioning Political Parties: The 2005 UK General Election.Journal Of Marketing Management,21(9-10), 1135-1149. https://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725705775194184 Wattenberg, M. (2004). Elections: Personal Popularity in U.S. Presidential Elections.Presidential Studies Quarterly,34(1), 143-155. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00040.x

Diabetes And Physical Activity Essay Example For Students

Diabetes And Physical Activity Essay Health implications of diabetes type I Physical Activity What is physical activity? Why do we need physical activity in our lives? Physical Activity and Diabetes (Epidemiology) For our seminar topic physical activity and disease we chose diabetes as the focus of our research. Since diabetes is such a complex disease with many different forms, we decided to focus on diabetes type I. This is known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This type of diabetes includes people who are dependant on injections of insulin on a daily basis in order to satisfy the bodies insulin needs, they cannot survive without these injections. OVERVIEW OF DIABETES TYPE I What is diabetes type I? In order to understand the disease we firstly need to know about insulin. OVERVIEW OF DIABETES TYPE I What is diabetes type I? In order to understand the disease we firstly need to know about insulin. Insulin is a hormone. The role of insulin is to convert the food we eat into various useful substances, discarding everything that is wasteful. It is the job of insulin to see that the useful substances are put to best use for our well-being. The useful substances are used for building cells, are made ready for immediate expenditure as energy and also stored for later energy expenditure. The cause of diabetes is an absolute or lack of the hormone insulin. As a result of this lack of insulin the processes that involve converting the foods we eat into various useful substances does not occur. Insulin comes from the beta cells which are located in the pancreas. In the case of diabetes type I almost all of the beta cells have been destroyed. Therefore daily injections of insulin become essential to life. Health implications of diabetes type I One of the products that is of vital importance in our bodies is glucose, a simple carbohydrate sugar which is needed by virtually every part of our body as fuel to function. Insulin controls the amount of glucose distributed to vital organs and also the muscles. In diabetics due to the lack of insulin and therefore the control of glucose given to different body parts they face death if they dont inject themselves with insulin daily. Since strict monitoring of diabetes is needed for the control of the disease, little room is left for carelessness. As a result diabetic patients are susceptible to many other diseases and serious conditions if a proper course of treatment is not followed. Other diseases a diabetic is open to: Cardiovascular disease, stroke, Peripheral artery disease, gangrene, kidney disease, blindness, hypertension, nerve damage, impotence etc. Basically there is an increased incident of infection in diabetic sufferers. Therefore special care needs to be taken to decrease the chances of getting these other serious diseases. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY What is physical activity? (Bouchard 1988) States that physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure. Therefore this includes sports and leisure activities of all forms. Why do we need physical activity in our lives? Physical activity and exercise helps tune the human machine, our bodies. Imagine a car constantly driven only to stop for fuel. It would be a client for all sorts of damage, rusting, oil leaking, dehydration and the chances are most likely it would die in the middle of the road not long after. This is what the body would be like if we didnt exercise at all. We would be and as a result of todays lifestyle many of us are, the perfect target to all kinds of diseases and infections. For those of us who are carrier of some disease or illness we are still encouraged to exercise by our physicians if we have the strength to. This is to help make our organs, muscles, bones and arteries more efficient and better equipped to fight against the disease or illness. This is our way of counter attacking. And if we are still healthy then we reduce the chances of getting an illness or a disease. 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However in the pre-insulin era physical exercise was one of the few therapies available to physicians in combating diabetes. For an IDDM carrier to benefit from exercise they need to be well aware of their body and the consequences of exercising. If an IDDM carrier has no real control over their situation and just exercise without considering their diet, time of insulin intake, type of exercise, duration of the exercise and the intensity, then the results can be very hazardous to the patient. In the first journal article that I used for this part of .