Exercise How Exercise Improves Your Mood - 1722 Words

Exercise is something that surrounds us daily. It may simply be a short walk into work or a cycling class that you participate in at your local gym. Wither it is on the TV commercials or posters up in the workplace and school exercise is constantly being promoted. Exercise is very important to the body to insure that the body functions properly. A properly functioning body is something that is extremely important to remember even as we age. A very weak area in health care is promoting exercise in the elderly. According to the staff at Mayo Clinic, there are 7 important benefits of regular exercise (2015). The first reason is that exercise improves your mood (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Are you are feeling down and need an emotional lift, or have had a stressful day at work and need to blow off some steam? A small workout at the gym or a brisk walk at the park might be your answer. Exercise â€Å"stimulates the brain to release chemicals to make you feel happier and more relaxed† (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Exercising leaves you feeling better about yourself with increased boost in confidence (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Not only does exercising put you in a better mood, it also boosts your energy (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Regular exercise improves you muscle strength and enhances your endurance (Mayo Clinic, 2015). This allows your oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to your tissues; in return, helping your cardiovascular system work more proficiently (Mayo Clinic, 2015). This helps the heart and lungsShow MoreRelatedBenefits of Exercise Outline Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesinform my audience about how exercise controls weight, combats health conditions and diseases, and improves mood. Central Idea: Exercise and physical activity are a great way to feel better, gain health benefits and have fun. Introduction You’re sweating, panting, and have a feeling of euphoria. You don’t know why you feel so good when there has just been so much stress put on your body (Attention-Getter). We’ve all gone through this feeling of exhaustion known as exercise. It can tire us outRead MoreEssay about What Can Regular Fitness Do For You?683 Words   |  3 Pagescan do to improve their health and prevent disease. Exercising makes the heart stronger and develop into a more efficient muscle. What else can regular fitness do for you? Improves Mental Focus Exercise improves your mental focus. Experts say that regular exercise helps keep your brain sharp by improving your focus and concentration. Studies show exercising decreases the chance of Alzheimers disease. Even low impact exercises can help with boosting your mood. Studies show exercise gives youRead MoreExercising The Exercise Of Exercise927 Words   |  4 Pagesmuscles in your body. Exercising is not only working on the outside but also on the inside. Exercising pushes you to do things that normal you wouldn’t want to do or think that you could do. When exercising you are working your brain in ways that it is not normal worked. Many people do not understand the importance of exercising and do not get the recommended amount of exercise. According to Centers of Disease Control (CDC), â€Å"80 percent of American adults don’t get the recommended exercise.† 323,607Read MoreExercise, The Adrenaline Level And Eating A Healthy Diet Essay903 Words   |  4 Pag es Day 4- Exercise, the adrenaline you need to keep you going. Boosting up your adrenaline level and eating a healthy diet, is not enough, you will have to combine it all with a solid exercise program. There are many ways to exercise; from running to swimming, playing tennis or simply registering to the gym or again (another simple option) doing it from home with some workout videos. The selection is huge, so this part of dieting is not limited. Technically what we want to say, is thatRead MoreEssay about Healing in Motion: The Benefits of Physical Activity693 Words   |  3 Pagesstudent should Get at least 30 minutes of exercise in schools. These thirty minutes of exercise can Reduce the risk of obesity, as well as diseases, such as diabetes, in the future. In the United States of America , over three hundred students fitness levels Were tested, and those who were the most fit, performed better academically.(1) Physical activity also relieves symptoms of depression, and anxiety, and improves The mood. As mentioned physical activity Read MoreExercise Benefits Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesHaile 1301.155 Exercise for the Body You know exercise is good for you -- but do you know how good? At its most basic, exercise is any type of physical exertion we perform in an effort to improve our health, shape our bodies, and boost performance (Waehner, Web). Adults, men and women, and teens both benefit from exercise and physical activity in many different ways. Exercise should play a key role in everyone’s daily life, not only does it boost self esteem, it also improves mental health andRead MoreExercise Is A Physical Activity1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhat if everyone around us was physically and mentally fit? Would we all live a happy, positive life? How could it benefit us? According to www.cdc.gov (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), exercise is a physical activity that is planned, structured and repetitive for the purpose of conditioning any part of the body. Exercise is used to improve health, maintain fitness and is important as a means of rehabilitation. Because physical activity is benefi cial both physiologically and psychologicallyRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1687 Words   |  7 Pages by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. These changes are important in elevating mood and relieving depression (â€Å"Depression†1). But what if we don’t need antidepressants or any other drug? What if exercise could help fight depression naturally without side effects? One in 10 adults in the United States struggles with depression, and antidepressant medications are a common way to treat theRead MoreExercise Can Reduce Stress And Improve Someone s Over All Moods896 Words   |  4 PagesExercise helps to reduce stress and improve someone’s over all moods. According to Otto and Smits (2011) exercise can be as powerful as antidepressant medications in treating depression, and, more broadly, regular exercise is linked with decreased anxiety, stress, and hostility (p. 7). There are several reasons how exercise reduces stress. By exercising daily we allow our bodies to adapt to different demands and stressors, because exercise is a stressor. A good way to understand this is to thinkRead MoreExercise At The University Of Hawaii Gym1426 Words   |  6 Pagesbig and tall structure at around 3:30 to 4:00 pm in the afternoon. As the seconds go by I see the UH student’s expression, movement, mood, and intensity as they exercise. Ranging from the basketball court where students are running up and down the court, talking, jumping, shooting, and making eye contact to their teammates. As the students perform resistance exercises (weight lifting), I see various individuals taking deep rhythmic breathes with their chin up, making sure their is back always straight

Michelangelo italian artist Essay Example For Students

Michelangelo italian artist Essay Michelangelo Bonaparte, the greatest of the Italian Renaissance artists, was born on March 6, 1475, in the small village of Cappers (Today, Cappers is known as Cappers Michelangelo or Tuscany, Italy). Michelangelo grew up in Florence, Italy. His Father was a government administrator and his Mother died when he was only six years old. After the death of his mother Michelangelo lived with a stone cutter and his family in the town of Suggesting, where his father owned a marble quarry and small farm. Along with living with a stone cutter (where he learned to handle marble), Michelangelo influences included ad Vinci and Dominic Giordano. Michelangelo showed no interest in school, he preferred to copy paintings from churches and seek the company of painters. His artistic talents were noticed at a very early age. At the age of thirteen, Michelangelo was apprenticed to the painter Domenici Giordano. At age fourteen Michelangelo father persuaded Giordano to pay Michelangelo as an artist, which was unusual at the time. Demonstrating obvious talent, he was taken under the wing of Lorenz De Medici, the ruler of the Florentine republic and a great patron of the arts. For two years beginning in 1490, he lived in the Medici palace and attended the Humanist academy, where he was a student of the sculptor Foretold did Giovanni and studied the Medici art collection, which included ancient Roman statuary. At the academy, both Michelangelo outlook and his art was influenced by many of the most prominent philosophers and writers of the day. At this time Michelangelo sculpted the Madonna of the Steps (1490-1492) and Battle of the Centaurs (1491-1492). Lorenz De Medici, the man who gave Michelangelo the tools and schooling to perfect his artistry, passed away in 1492. Michelangelo decided that it was time to return home to his family, but he continued studying on his own. Although the practice was forbidden at the time by the church, Michelangelo got special permission to study anatomy of the dead at a hospital in the church of Santos Spirits. He used his new knowledge of the human body to create some of his most famous works, including the famous statue of David (1501-1504), the sculptures in the Church of San Pitter, and the Creation of Adam on the Sistine Chapels ceiling, which there is a hypotheses that part of it is shaped like the human brain. Michelangelo love for sculpture continued to grow, and so did the attention of the world to his work. His demand as an artist grew, and he began creating some of the most famous works of his career. And then there is his architecture, where Michelangelo reordered ancient forms in an entirely new and dramatic ways. Michelangelo was principally a sculptor and always claimed that architecture was not his profession, but, with a sculptors vision, he saw buildings as dynamic organisms metaphors of the human body and he designed some of the most impressive architecture in all story. Among his best-known buildings are the Medici Chapel and the Laurent Library in Florence and he finished the architectural work on SST. Pewters Basilica in Rome. Michelangelo renewed architectures potential for the next generation of architects, freeing them from the need to slavishly imitate models from the past and allowing them to arrive at their own forms of expression. Michelangelo, though best known for his sculpture, was also a poet. He composed over 300 pieces of poetry painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling. In his poems he discusses categories pertaining o love, death, evil and good, and beauty. His writing is similar to his art in that every word is carved into the realities of life. Michelangelo art is his love of male beauty, which attracted him both by the nature of natural beauty and emotionally. Such feelings caused him great anguish, and he expressed the struggle between reality and desire for the male body in his sculpture and his poetry. The sculptor loved many youths, many of whom posed for him. His greatest love was Topmast die Cavalier, who was 16 years old when Michelangelo met him in 1532, at the age of 57. Cavalier was open to the older mans affection and Michelangelo dedicated many poems to him. .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 , .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .postImageUrl , .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 , .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880:hover , .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880:visited , .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880:active { border:0!important; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880:active , .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880 .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10daf268cf41585bc60619457a067880:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Michelangelo’s Pieta Persuasive EssaySome say Michelangelo relationship with Cavalier was only a deep friendship and not sexual. Even if Michelangelo had homo-erotic impulses, there is no evidence he acted on them. Cavalier was not the only inspiration for Michelangelo poetry. Later in life he fell in love with Aviators Colon. She was a widow and friend to Michelangelo in his later maturity. Between Michelangelo and Aviators Colon a deep friendship developed, one might almost say an absolutely pure love, inspired by poetry and that, out of which were to emerge some of Michelangelo finest lyric poems, overflowing with admiration and devotion. She died at the age of 56 and Michelangelo was deeply affected by her death writing many commemorative pieces in her honor. Michelangelo worked until his death in 1564 at the age of 88. He caught a fever and a few days later he passed away. Michelangelo revolutionize artistic techniques altered the artists method for centuries, and still effect how art is made today. His view on the world and its leaders changed the way artists portray their objects and how bold they allowed their artwork to be. Michelangelo will always be known as one of the most influential artists the world has ever known. Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Michelangelo www. Sparseness. Com Several hypotheses have been put forward about the meaning of The Creation of Dams highly original composition, many of them taking Michelangelo well- documented expertise in human anatomy as their starting point. In 1990, an Anderson, Indiana physician named Frank Lynn Misremember, M. D. Noted in the medical publication the Journal o f the American Medical Association that the aground figures and shapes portrayed behind the figure of God appeared to be an anatomically accurate picture of the human brain. 5] Dry. Messengers interpretation has been discussed by Dry. Mark Lee Apple. On close examination, borders in the painting correlate with major usual of the cerebrum in the inner and outer surface of the brain, the brain stem, the frontal lobe, the basilar artery, the Alternatively, it has been observed that the red cloth around God has the shape of a human uterus (one art historian has called it a uterine mantle), and that the Carr hanging out, colored green, could be a newly cut umbilical cord. 8] This is an interesting hypothesis that presents the Creation scene as an idealized representation of the physical birth of man. It explains the navel that appears on Adam, which is at first perplexing because he was created, not born of a woman. Michelangelo was both highly literate and plain-spoken. He felt passio nate toward individuals, both female and male (Aviator Colon and Topmasts Cavalier in particular. Platonic love suited Michelangelo because the demands of his profession came first. Aviators, who was independent and highly intelligent, was inaccessible. She was the woman who came closest to being his intellectual equal, and a person characterized by loftiness, nobility and virtueall of which appealed to the poet. He turned to her for guidance and idealized her through the ecstasy of his religious mindset; Michelangelo was a deeply religious person who believed in prayer and all the accompanying Renaissance religious imagery characteristic of his era. She was a widow and friend to Michelangelo in his later maturity.

Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods

In the peer reviewed article written by Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir called â€Å"Ritzer’s McDonaldization and applied qualitative marketing research†, the researchers examine the benefits gained from applying Ritzer’s thesis of McDonaldization to international qualitative marketing research; the reports follows the frameworks and requirements of an academic research work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When discussing the topic the researchers limited their discussion and area of study to efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control; they observed that the three areas are the main policies that McDonald has implemented to remain competitive in the world market. To develop the report, the researchers collected wide range of data, then interpolated it, and analyzed it for the report . In research development, research design and data collection plays crucial parts in collecting and shaping the research (Andy ,Nancarrow , and Vir 2005). This paper analysis the research design and data collection method as was adopted by Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir in the article â€Å"Ritzer’s McDonaldization and applied qualitative marketing research†. Research design Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir used onion research design approach; the main reason why the researchers opted to use the method is its systematic way of collecting data. The method is systematical where the researcher has the task of building his report from one segment to another, but moves after the earlier stage has been wholly been exhausted and results tested to be in consistence with the intended outcomes of the research. Just like an onion, the onion research design method has various layers that a researcher has to undergo through before making inferences and pres enting them in a certain manner; generally the method has five stages or layers. When using onion research design the research can be interpolated in layers like the case of an onion; the initial layer is where the researcher discusses the research question as well as the research philosophy adopted; the next layer which in this case can be referred as the second layer looks into the real situation or the main subject of the research.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the full understanding of the research question and the subject matter of the case, Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir then moved to the next higher layer; the third layer which is the research strategy. The forth layer concentrated on the time frames that the researchers has to give an account of the research; when analyzing issues in the research, the writers has to move with speed and consider th ings of different parameters. According to the Onion method if research design, the fifth layer gives an account of the research methods adopted, in the case of Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir the methods adopted were both primary and secondary data collection methods (Balnaves and Caputi, 2002) When the writers were considering the case of McDonald, they were interested in analyzing the main strengths that the company has that has made it be able to retain a leadership role in the hospitality industry; with this the researchers were able to develop the background information that they were to analyze. With the understanding of operations of the company, the research took a deductive reasoning approach supported by facts as collected from the field. Deductive reasoning is a research approach method where Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir used a gradual but steady way of collecting information; when using the approach the researchers developed the idea from an k nown angle to a point that needed to be learnt or researched; in this case, the researcher will come from the known point that McDonald has some managing philosophies that have assisted it move to the high ladder of operation; the researchers established the strategies as efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control and seek to establish the lessons that have been learnt from the operations as well as how they can be applied internationally (Burns, 2000). As much as the researchers where interested with McDonaldization, they ensured that the operations of the company has been fully understood and chances that McDonald has some special attributes that has made it be able to use the system was undertook.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research design assisted the researchers write a report that can be accepted int ernationally and applicable in different part of the world despite the business systems and structures operating. When using the qualitative method of data collected is more emphasized than the quantity of the data. It is interpretative and descriptive method of data collection. The issue of McDonaldization and its applicability to international marketing as Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir intended to come out is that it has elements of qualitative study; it involved collection of management data then analyzing it to come up with the report. Qualitative research method is adopted in management and social sciences researches as it address the issue wholly and ensure that challenging matters or emerging issues has been addressed effectively. The method is also superior in the sense that it does not focus on the plain facts on the ground but also considers what in-depth matters that might be affecting what can be seen from outside (O’Donnell and David, 2000) The onio n research design assists a researcher to collect rich information about the situation at hand and gather detailed information. In this research, the writers used a combination of research data collection methods to come up with rich data on the area, they used interviews, observations, electronic interviews, focus groups, case studies and wide range of literature review; other than looking at the situation, the method offers room to give effective recommendations management of different companies on the best ways they can use McDonaldization (Creswell, 1998).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the research the writers not only considered the effect that aspects like culture has on people and their choice of products but also seek to understand how businesses made efforts to attract the attention of customers. McDonald was seen as the company that has benefit from the system and seems to have mastered the art of managing the business with people psychology on their minds. The strength of the process is on psychological part where the right approaches to buy the strategy and use it in international marketing was borrowed. Marketing involves persuading people to buy a certain companies products; with this notion and understanding any effort that strengthens relationship of customer and the selling company is always welcomed for business sake. The research design adopted by the research focused on four main subtopic in the main topic, efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control, although the four are interrelated and move together, the researcher was a ble to cover then with some levels of independence when collecting information. Such moves assisted in offering high quality report and adding value to the known literature on McDonaldization and international marketing. Data collection methods To come up with the article, the researchers have to collected wide range of data then interpolate, analyze, and report the data in an acceptable manner. When doing the research on McDonaldization, Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir combined the strengths of both primary and secondary data collection methods. Each method was handled on its own however moves were made after an in-depth understanding of the situation on the ground was understood. Focus groups Focus groups are teams made by a research to discuss about the research questions that the researcher want to handle; the people to a focus group should well understand the situation on the ground regarding the management topic at hand. Under this framework, the researchers held a workshop with global research practitioners consisting of six professionals in management where with some well framed questionnaires they were triggered to discuss various issues that touched on the research variables (Stefanou, 1999). When using focus group as the method of collecting data, the researchers ensured they created an atmosphere that enhanced the participants to offer their views, understanding and points of views in the area. In so doing Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir had to choose a team leader who was intelligent and one who could manage the participants effectively (Patton, 2002). Use of interviews Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir in the research used two senior practitioners as the interviewee to offer in-depth information about the topic and how they felt McDonaldization can be of benefit to other sectors of life. The selection and the choice of the interviewee can be seen as a strategic move by the researchers as they choose those people they were aware or thought they had quality information and knowledge about the research topic; the approach assisted them get high quality data (Bernard, 2006). Other than the oral and face to face interviews, the researchers went a step higher and conducted online interviews â€Å"e-interviews with senior researchers in global markets, notably Europe and Asia (six respondents)†, again the e-interviews were conducted with experts and people who had management knowledge as they would offer insight information about the area of study. In research there are instances that there are many respondents who might have different information; some information may be conflicting, the most important thing to consider when choosing the respondents is their degree of integrity, knowledge, and the willingness they have to give genuine information. In the case of e-interviews Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir ensured that they got information from management scholars and real mana gers on the ground, this assisted in coming up with rich data and information. Literature review Other than collection of data from primary sources the researchers undertook a wide literature review where they considered what other scholars who have writer on the same or similar topic had to say about the topic, when using literature review the researcher gets an in-depth knowledge of the topic thus he can offer concrete report. In the research report the use of literature review or secondary source of information is supported by the statement â€Å"Content analysis of briefs/case histories (the most recent five years of global projects the researchers could access)† (Andy, Nancarrow and Vir, 2005). When reviewing literature review the writers considered management material as wells articles written on specific issue of strategic management like accounting, marketing, sales and advertising. Materials were vetted for relevance and the researcher made sure they were current and handled the issue professionally. When reviewing literature, the writers of the materials to be used is of great importance; at every one instance the researchers should make sure they understand the qualifications and the experience that the writer of material has; in the event that the writer does not have rich knowledge and has not conducted a comprehensive study, then such materials should not be used. The concept of McDonaldization is familiar and is growing in relevance among management scholars; the system of operation of the international company is one that is triggering concerns to scholars. With this notion, some scholars are writing books discussing the management model; these are some of the materials that Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir used to gather secondary data. The internet was another area that data was available about the research area, although some cites were used, the researcher ensured that they were sights with high rate of integrity and writt en by people who understood the topic fully. Cites whose writers could not be vetted or were unknown were avoided as they were not likely to offer in-depth information like the one required by the study. In McDonald website and annual reports, there are some management efficiency reports that are published, these are some of the materials that the researcher used to gather in-depth information on the topic; the main reason why the researcher had to use literature review is because it offered a rich knowledge and understanding of the research topic which is an important element when developing a research work. Despite the fact that a researcher has the question he would like to address, he should always ensure that he gets to understand what other people who have done similar research had said and suggested, with such moves he is able to come up with a report that does not duplicate what other people have said but actually one that adds value to the topic of research. Other methods t hat the researchers would have used To collect data, this research used a survey data collection method supported by wide literature review; survey method of data collection is another way that the researchers would have used to collect data. Survey is data collection methods were questionnaires and/or statistical surveys are conducted on places that will offer quality information about the topic at hand. The people that would have been surveyed include businesses that have similar models with McDonald and get their operation level. With such levels then the concept of McDonaldization would have been discussed into details further. When research is based on survey method of collecting data, the sampling methodology adopted is that survey sampling method; in specific, information was collected from three main categories as of domestic private and public companies, governmental institutions, and the second batch was composed of internationals and Non-governmental organizations. Anothe r method that Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir would have considered is the use of case study; under this approach they would have surveyed and analyzed a company that has adopted McDonaldization to manage its international marketing then compare the same with a company that has other frameworks of management. When such an approach is adopted, it gives the researcher a chance to understand and see what is actually happening on the other side. Other than reviewing how McDonaldization can be adopted in international marketing the researcher has an opportunity to offer a report that can advance the system after learning what other companies are doing; this would have been attained if the researcher had used case study method of data collection. The time frame of the research is another area that would have been improved; the study involved business processes which change with time and space, the researchers would have put the same in mind and undertake a prolonged case study research on the topic (Coakes, 2007). Observation can be like a silent move where the researcher watches trend in business that have McDonaldization and those that do not; they may focus on something like customers flow. Conclusion Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir in their report on how to implement McDonaldization to international qualitative marketing research used primary and secondary data collection method to gather in-depth information for their qualitative research. Primary data collection method used includes interview (both oral and electronic), focus groups, and discussion groups. When choosing the respondents in primary data collection method, the researchers ensured that they used people who understood the topic well such as scholars and other management personnel. Secondary data collection method aimed at gathering existing information on the research topic to assist the researchers offer high quality report. References Andy, B., Nancarrow, C., and Vir, J. , 2005. Ritzer’s McDonaldization and applied qualitative marketing research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 8(3), Pp. 296-311 Balnaves, M. and Caputi, P.,2002. Introduction To Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach. London: Sage. Bernard, H. R. ,2006. Research methods in anthropology: qualitative and quantitative approaches. G – Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Rowman Altamira. Burns, R.B.,2000. Introduction to Research Methods. London: Sage Coakes, 2007. SPSS version 14 for windows: Analysis without Anguish. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd Creswell, J., 1998. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Creswell, J., 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Marble, P. ,2003. A system implementation study: management commitment to project man agement. Information Management, 41(1), pp. 111-123. O’Donnell, E. and David, J.,2000. How information systems influence user decisions: a research framework and literature review. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 1(3), PP. 178-203. Patton, Q. ,2002. Qualitative research evaluation methods (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Stefanou, J. ,1999. The complexity and the research area of AIS. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 19,(1/2), PP.1-23. This essay on Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods was written and submitted by user Krish Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mobility in stroke rehabilitation Essays

Mobility in stroke rehabilitation Essays Mobility in stroke rehabilitation Essay Mobility in stroke rehabilitation Essay Mobility in stroke rehabilitation BY Itsas0101289 Mobility in Stroke Rehabilitation The purpose of this assignment is to identify the nursing role in the mobility rehabilitation of a patient who had a lacunar ischaemic stroke affecting the right corona radiata. The nursing care and the interdisciplinary management of the impairment will be critically evaluated as well as the patient progress during the stay in the hospital. The patient that will be discussed in this assignment was given the pseudonym of Martha. Martha is a 76 year old female who had a lacunar ischaemic stroke of the ight corona radiata. She has relevant past medical history of hypertension. on admission, Martha was presented with weakness on her left side in both her leg and arm with sensation preserved and no cognitive impairments. The corona radiata is a white matter that contains both descending and ascending axons that carry information from and to the brain cells that make up the cerebral cortex, an area of the brain that is responsible for the processing of conscious information and where the orders to initiate voluntary movements (walking, tapping your foot) first originate (Similima, 2011). These areas of the nervous system activate muscles all over the body to move. Therefore if the corona radiata is affected by a stroke, movement will be interrupted. The type of stroke that affects the corona radiata is called Pure motor stroke and is the most common type of lacunar strokes, accounting for more than 50% of all cases (Similima, 2011). Pure motor strokes cause partial or complete weakness in the face, arm and leg on one side of the body. It can occur in any of these areas, alone or in combination with either of the other two. Most commonly, pure motor strokes cause either a combination of arm and leg eakness, sparing the face (this is the case of Martha), or a combination of arm, leg and face weakness. By definition, there is no loss of sensation anywhere in the body, no visual or speech symptoms or higher cognitive impairment (Wityk and Llinas, 2007). The hemiplegia is one of the most common neurological impairments following stroke and it needs to be managed by every member of the medical team all patients have the benefit of the range of expert advice needed for high quality care (NHS, 2010). Multidisciplinary teams (MDT) need to bring together staff with the ecessary knowledge, skills and experience to ensure high quality diagnosis, treatment and care. The MDT meeting is about considering the patients individual case not Just about treating a stroke. To support this, an MDT should take account of the patients views, preferences and circumstances wherever possible when consulting on the care that is most appropriate for the patients condition. MDTs should be alerted if there are significant changes to their recommendations and the reason for this is so they have the opportunity to review and build upon each case The aim of the Multidisciplinary approach to a patient who suffers from a motor impairment is to maximise functional ability by providing time, space for activities, aids and equipment, preventing injury and promoting safety (Woodward and Mestecky, 2011). When caring for a patient it is of the utmost importance to ensure there is no further injury, therefore the communication within the team is crucial. Every member of the team should know what the patient is able to do and how they should be cared for to gain the best rehabilitation. Marthas case was approached this way and her status was discussed twice daily in the handover. Also during the day it is the nurses duty to speak the physiotherapist and get her recommendations. When possible, I found very helpful going with the physiotherapist and doing the daily exercises together enabling me to get a better understanding of Marthas condition and Martha seemed to like the added support. This also gave Martha more confidence around me when doing transfers as sometimes it can be very scary for a patient trying to mobilise when suffering from hemiplegia. Along this the Multidisciplinary meetings were done twice a week with the consultant, the hysiotherapist, the occupational therapist, the ward sister and myself or the nurse who was on duty looking after Martha. Correct positioning and early mobilisation of a patient following stroke is important in preventing potential complications arising from impaired movement which can develope changes in muscle tone such as spasticity. Around 19% of patients suffer spasticity following a stroke associated with pain and which interferes with rehabilitation interventions (Woodward and Mestecky, 2011). On admission the physiotherapist performed the Modified Ashworth Scale and Martha scored 1 which eans that there was slight increase in muscle tone. This was manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension (Bohannon and Smith, 1987) (Woodward and Mestecky, 2011). From the beginning Martha used to hate being in bed and after being assessed by the physiotherapist making sure she was safe to do so she used to spent most of the time sitting in the chair provided. She was educated to sit well back and in the centre of the chair placing the affected arm well forward n a pillow with the feet flat on floor and knees directly above the feet. She was very comfortable in that position and she always had the nursing bell close to her and used to call us if the pillow fell down or when similar issues arose. However, there were times that Martha was feeling tired and she had to spent longer periods resting. While in bed she usually prefer lying on her affected side so she could be more independent. She liked having two pillows for the head and the affected shoulder was moved well forward placing the good leg forward on a pillow and another pillow placed behind her back. Although her preference was lying on the affected side, after being educated of the complications of immobility she didnt have any problem to lie on the non affected side, especially during the night. The affected shoulder was placed forward with arm on pillow and the affected leg backward on a pillow. Plus an extra pillow was also placed behind her back. Another action taken postulated to be secondary to promotion of anti-gravity muscle activity in the trunk and lower limbs, maintenance or improvement in soft tissue and Joint flexibility, modulation of the neural component of spasticity through prolonged stretch and ltered sensory input, reduction of lower limb spasms and positive psychological effect (Stevenson VL, 2010). At the beginning this was Just carried out by the physiotherapist with the nurses help for safety reasons. Active movements were also performed to increase strength, re-educate movement patterns and improve cardiovascular fitness. Active movements should be encouraged because the effects are greater than those seen with passive exercise alone. These benefits have been seen in studies of people suffering from a stroke (Stevenson VL, 2010). Marthas rogress was incredible and when she left the hospital she was able to walk with a walking stick and the supervision of her daughter or with a zimmer frame and the Modified Ashworth Scale score was O. This was an achievement as when she came she wasnt able to mobilise at all. Another complication that can occur as a consequence of having a mobility reduction is the damage of the skin integrity therefore several tools were done to assess this risk. Within the first 6 hours of admission every patient needs to be assessed using the waterlow assessment and the MUST nutritional screening, also the skin needs to be inspected. Martha got a waterlow score of 17 on admission which placed her at high risk of developing a pressure sore, she was continent of faeces and urine and no pressure sore was found on admission. The taken actions according to NICE guidelines 2005 were to provide her an air mattress, to place her in a position chart ensuring that the prolonged pressure on bony prominences was minimised and ensuring the correct usage of manual handling devices in order to minimise shear and friction damage. Two sliding sheets were provided and the bony prominences were kept from direct contact from one another by using pillows in between them. At the beginning Martha found very difficult to get used to sleep on an air mattress because of the noise but the benefits of using it were explained and she agreed to use it. By talking to her I discovered that she loved listening to music when she was going to sleep and the following day when her family came to visit her, the difficulty of sleeping because of this device was discussed and they brought Marthas iPod with her favourite music which helped her to sleep peacefully through the night. Having a good night sleep is very important for any patient, specially for those who re having rehabilitation as they require a lot energy and strength. Additionally skin inspections were done regularly and Martha, as she wasnt mentally impaired was taught how to inspect her skin. She was shown what the high risk areas were (heels, sacrum, ischial tuberosities, elbows, temporal region of skull, shoulders, back of head and toes) and early signs of skin integrity deterioration (persistent erythema, non- blanching erythema, blisters, discolouration, localised heat, localised oedema and localised induration) (NDNQI, 2013). Regarding general hygiene, Martha required assistance due to her mobility impairment. Such care was provided regularly according to the RCN guidelines that recommends that skin cleansing should be done with mild detergents using warm water to minimise irritation and drying and particularly over bony prominences should be avoided (RCN, 2009). Martha was always very helpful and used to do as much as she could by herself, at the beginning she required more assistance but by the end of her time at the hospital we Just needed to supervise her when going to the shower and she used to do everything by herself. She usually liked to have her shower after the physiotherapist session and his preference was respected as much as possible. Also she didnt like to use the hospital clothes which according to her made her look less sick so the family brought her own clothes. The MUST score obtained was 1 on admission. Adequate nutrition is required by the body for maintaining tissue integrity and preventing tissue breakdown (NPUAP,2009) Due to this score Martha was put on food chart which helped us monitoring her food intake along with daily weight measurements and she was also referred to the dietician on the day of admission who put her on food supplements and which were discontinued when Martha started having a etter food intake. The family was made aware of the importance of having a good food intake and they brought Martha her favourite cakes and homemade food. At the beginning Martha needed assistance with feeding herself as she wasnt able to cut her food, opening leads etc. Assistance was given regularly and the kitchen staff was made aware about her requirements, therefore before serving her food they always used to come and talk to us first as it can be very frustrating not being able to feed yourself and have the food in front of you. Martha had a good progression during her tage in the hospital and she put on 3kg, her food intake was appropriate and she didnt develop any pressure ulcer. When the mobility of a patient is reduced the risk of VTE (Venous Thromboembolism) increases and therefore in a patient who suffers from hemiplegia after stroke should be assessed for this risk and preventive measurements should take place. According to The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2010), recommendations are that all patients should be assessed for risk of developing thrombosis (blood clots) on a regular basis. Martha was assessed on admission scoring 8 using the adapted tool rom Autar 2003 (Version 2PT 5/12) She was assessed again 24 hours after admission and when her mobility was better she was reassessed scoring 5. Because of the risk of developing a WE Martha was put on Enoxaparin and all the effects and risks were explained. Current NICE guidance suggests LMWH (Low Molecular Weight Heparin) prophylaxis for acute medical patients at WE risk unless there is a high bleeding risk (NHS, 2012). Stockings were not put on her because according to the Clots in Legs or Stockings after Stroke (CLOTS) trial 1 GECS (can even present a greater risk to patients f skin breaks, blisters, ulcers and skin necrosis (CLOTS Trial Collaboration, 2009). Early mobilisation is fundamental to prevent WE along with more risks and that is why this patient was mobilised as soon as possible with the physiotherapist support (NICE, 2010). A very weak arm due to its considerable hanging weight, is at risk of stretching the shoulder Joint structures and developing a partial dislocation or subluxation (Turner- Stokes and Jackson, 2002). Shoulder subluxation is considered a problem because it Many studies have suggested that trauma to the shoulder Joint can be prevented by roper positioning and handling. The shoulder should be protracted, the arm forward, the wrist in neutral or slight supination and the fingers extended. Another important aspect that needs to be considered is not to pull from limbs when doing transfers, especially from the affected one. Therefore Martha and family were educated not to do so. An arm sling was provided to her to support the affected arm. However,the sling was only used while doing transfer. When she was sitting on the chair a lap tray was provided positioning the arm away from the body, discouraging dduction and internal rotation and allowing bilateral upper limb activities (Turner and Jackson, 2002). Martha didnt develop a shoulder subluxation during her stage in the hospital. This was confirmed by an X-Ray that was taken to ensure there was no underlying problems. However she had pain on the shoulder and that is why this X- Ray was performed initially. Hemiplegic shoulder pain, or post stroke shoulder pain, occurs in at least 30 percent of patients although another estimate placed it at 70 percent . Post stroke shoulder pain can adversely affect both length of in patient ehabilitation and overall functional outcome (Woodward and Mestecky, 2011). Martha was on regular paracetamol but she wasnt put on NSAlDs from the beginning. When she started to feel this pain the consultant was informed who requested an X-Ray, the physiotherapist and the rest of the team were also made aware of the troubles. The consultant also put the patient on PRN Ibuprofen which was very effective in reducing the pain levels. I consider that the approach to this risk wasnt the most effective one as Martha suffered from shoulder pain and it can be an area to improve for future patients. However the communication within the team was very successful and the problem was solved in a short period of time. Another recommendation for the future supported by evidence based documentation could be the practice of passive movements which improve the spasticity (Lynch, et al. 005). After suffering a stroke the person can suffer an alteration on the body image understanding as such as the beliefs and feelings about how our bodies look and function. This is influenced by what we think we should look like, and how we think our bodies should perform. In Marthas case the main issue for her was the loss of unctionality of half of her body. Martha went from being able to perform all the activities of the daily life by h erself to require assistance for most of them. Successful adjustment and adaptation to this new situation depend on how well the acquirement of the new knowledge is and skills needed in order to get on with her life. (Woodward and Mestecky, 2011). The rehabilitation team role was crucial here because we needed to teach her new skills and this was achieved by good coordination and communication within the team. It was very important to proceed in the same way and reinforce the knowledge. As supportive measures a board was used to remind Martha the steps she had to follow and also it was very helpful for her family as they knew which was the appropriate way to help her mother. Also setting realistic goals was very positive for her as every day she had a new challenge to achieve and that kept her motivated. Motivation also plays a vital role in with the way in which a patient evaluates their chances of successful rehabilitation and that this is influenced by social or external factors (Woodward and Mestecky, 2011). Martha as already mentioned was always motivated to improve her skills and his had a very positive impact on her evolution. Also she had a very good support from her family who was always there to help her and a good support from the health team. After 5 weeks of rehabilitation Martha was discharged being able to perform the activities of the daily life by herself, walking with a walking stick and assistance from her daughter or with a zimmer frame. She went to a nursing home for a couple of weeks while they were adjusting her house for her (she lived with her daughter). After she was seen by the team (consultant, physiotherapist) as an outpatient and she also came to visit the team to the ward. Reference list Bader ,M and Littlejohns, L (2004) AANN Core Curriculum for Neuroscience nursing. th edition. Missouri. Saunders Bohannon, R. and Smith, M. (1987). Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Physical Therapy 67(2): 206. Jun Hao Pan, Xin Yuan Song,; Sik Yum Lee, Timothy Kwok, (2008) Longitudinal Analysis of Quality of Life for Stroke Survivors Using Latent Curve Models. Stroke. Lynch, D; Ferraro, M; Krol, j; Trudell, C M; Christos, P and volpe, B T . (2005) Continuous passive motion improv es shoulder Joint integrity following stroke Clinical rehabilitation. Available at: http://cre. agepub. com/content/19/6/594. full. pdf *html (Accessed 9 March 2013) National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2010) Venous thromboembolism reducing the risk: full guideline. Available at: http:// www. nice. org. uk/nicemedia/live/12695/47200/47200. pdf (Accessed 8 March 2013) National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2001) Clinical practise guidelines, Pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention, recommendations 2001. Available at: http:// www. nice. org. uk/nicemedia/pdf/clinicalguidelinepressuresoreguidancercn. pdf. Accessed: 6 March 2013) National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) (2009) The Role of Nutrition in Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment. Available at: http:// www. npuap. org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Nutrition-White-Paper-Website- Version. pdf (Accessed: 25 March 2013) NDNQI (2013) Pressure ulcers training. Available at: https://www. nursingquality. org/NDNQlPressureUlcerTraining/Module1/ Default. aspx (Accessed: 25 March 2013) NHS (2010) CLOTS trial 2: Thigh length versus below knee stockings for DW prophylaxis post stroke. Available at: http:// www. nelm. nhs. /en/NeLM-Area/News/2010September/21 /CLOTS-trial-2-Thigh- length-versus-below-knee-stockings-for-DVT-prophylaxis-post-stroke/ (Accessed: 6 April 2013) NHS (2010) The Characteristics of an Effective Multidisciplinary Team (MDT). Available at: http://ncat. nhs. uk/sites/default/files/ evidence. Available at: evidence. nhs. uk/documents/]-nhs-evidence-comms-publications-eyes-on- evidence-eyes-on-evidence-sleep-apnoea-t hromboprophylaxis-contraception-stroke- diabetes-and-more. pdf (Accessed: 6 April 2013) Royal College of Nursing (2009) RCN Masterclass (2009): Continence, Pressure Ulcers and Nursing Metrics. Available at: rcn. org. uk/_data/assets/pdf_file/0004/280777/Dettorri_M_Collier_ppt. pdf. (Accessed: 25 March 2013) Royal College of Nursing (2013) Preventing VTE. Available at rcn. org. uk/ development/practice/cpd_online_learning/ nice_care_preventing_venousthromboembolism/preventing_vte (Accessed 7 March 2013) Stevenson VL. (2010) Rehabilitation in practice: Spasticity management, Clin Rehabil 2010 24: 293. Available at http://cre. sagepub. com/content/24/4/293. full. pdf *html (Accessed: 7 March 2013) Similima (2011) Corona radiata. Available at: http:// www. similima. m/physiology-biochemistry (Accessed : 6 March 2013) Thompson H and Ryan A (2008) A review of the psychosocial consequences of stroke and their impact on spousal relationships. British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing Vol 4 No 4 pp 177- 184 Turner-Stokes L, Jackson D. Shoulder Pain After Stroke: A Review of the Evidence Base to Inform the Development of an Integrated Care Pathway. Clinical Rehabilitation, 2002: 16: 276-298. Wityk, R and Litnas, R. (2007) stroke. Philadelphia : American College of Physicians Woodward, S. and Mestecky, AM. (2011) Neuroscience Nursing Evidence-Based Practice. Chichester:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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